Lighting accessories
Simply having access to reliable, consistent light isn't enough. There are times when we need to modify it and direct it to places it will do most good.
Softboxes

Umbrellas
Umbrellas are more common than softboxes, though perhaps not quite loved. They're most commonly used as reflectors. A photographic umbrella looks a lot like a regular one but acts quite differently. By directing the light at the umbrella, it is reflected back to the model with a softer effect than a direct flash.
Collapsible reflectors
Reflectors are panels of pliable reflective material stretched over a collapsible frame. They're primarily used to reflect light onto the subject, although the translucent panels can be used ad diffusers.
Snoots
A snoot is a cone- shaped device, the base of which attaches to the metal reflector bowl of a studio lamp. This has the effect of producing a tight, symmetrical, round beam of direct light. Snoots are often used from behind to highlight the subjects hair.
Barndoors
They've been around for almost a century, they're still handy for the portrait photographer. Barndoors are hinged, black metal flaps that attach to the metal reflector bowl or tungsten lights. Each of the four flaps can be independently opened or closed to varying degrees. This allows you to determine how much light you want to fall on the subject.
Honeycomb grids
Like snoots and barndoors, a honeycomb grid is an attachment that narrows and focuses the beam from a strobe lamp. The primary difference is that a honeycomb grid provides a smoother and less dramatic gradation to the edge of the light.
Gobo
One of the most useful gadgets in a photographers studio is a Gobo. The term Gobo is short for 'go between'. A Gobo is something you put between a light source and the subject. Its used to block, deflect, redirect, or shift the light.
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